Robots could replace 1.7 million American truckers in the next decade

[rasbridge]

Trucking paid for Scott Spindola to take a road trip down the coast of Spain, climb halfway up Machu Picchu, and sample a Costa Rican beach for two weeks. The 44-year-old from Covina now makes up to $70,000 per year, with overtime, hauling goods from the port of Long Beach. He has full medical coverage and plans to drive until he retires.

 

But in a decade, his big rig may not have any need for him.

 

 

Carmaking giants and ride-sharing upstarts racing to put autonomous vehicles on the road are dead set on replacing drivers, and that includes truckers. Trucks without human hands at the wheel could be on American roads within a decade, say analysts and industry executives.

 

 

At risk is one of the most common jobs in many states, and one of the last remaining careers that offer middle-class pay to those without a college degree. There are 1.7 million truckers in America, and another 1.7 million drivers of taxis, buses and delivery vehicles. That compares with 4.1 million construction workers.

 

 

While factory jobs have gushed out of the country over the last decade, trucking has grown and pay has risen. Truckers make $42,500 per year on average, putting them firmly in the middle class.

 

 

On Sept. 20, the Obama administration put its weight behind automated driving, for the first time releasing federal guidelines for the systems. About a dozen states already created laws that allow for the testing of self-driving vehicles. But the federal government, through the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, will ultimately have to set rules to safely accommodate 80,000-pound autonomous trucks on U.S. highways.

 

 

In doing so, the feds have placed a bet that driverless cars and trucks will save lives. But autonomous big rigs, taxis and Ubers also promise to lower the cost of travel and transporting goods.

It would also be the first time that machines take direct aim at an entire class of blue-collar work in America. Other workers who do things you may think cannot be done by robots — like gardeners, home builders and trash collectors — may be next.

 

 

“We are going to see a wave and an acceleration in automation, and it will affect job markets,” said Jerry Kaplan, a Stanford lecturer and the author of “Humans Need Not Apply” and “Artificial Intelligence: What Everyone Needs to Know,” two books that chronicle the effect of robotics on labor.

 

 

“Long-haul truck driving is a great example, where there isn’t much judgment involved and it’s a fairly controlled environment,” Kaplan said.

 

 

Robots’ march into vehicles, factories, stores, and offices could also profoundly deepen inequality. Research has shown that artificial intelligence helps erase jobs that require basic skills and creates more roles for highly educated people.

 

 

“Automation tends to replace low-wage jobs with high-wage jobs,” said James Bessen, a lecturer at the Boston University School of Law who researches the effect of innovation on labor.

 

 

“The people whose skills become obsolete are low-wage workers, and to the extent that it’s difficult for them to acquire new skills, it affects inequality.”

Trucking will likely be the first type of driving to be fully automated – meaning there’s no one at the wheel. One reason is that long-haul big rigs spend most of their time on highways, which are the easiest roads to navigate without human intervention.

 

 

But there’s also a sweeter financial incentive for automating trucks. Trucking is a $700-billion industry, in which a third of costs go to compensating drivers.

 

 

“If you can get rid of the drivers, those people are out of jobs, but the cost of moving all those goods goes down significantly,” Kaplan said.

 

 

The companies pioneering these new technologies have tried to sell cost savings as something that will be good for trucking employers and workers.

Otto, a self-driving truck company started by former Google engineers and executives, pitches its system as a source of new income for drivers who will be able to spend more time in vehicles that can drive solo as they rest.

 

 

Uber bought the San Francisco-based company in August.

 

 

The start-up retrofits trucks with kits allowing them to navigate freeways without a driver actually holding the wheel. For the last several months, at least one Volvo truck equipped with the software has been test driving, with a person at the wheel, on Interstate 280 or on the 101 Freeway in California.

 

 

The system works by installing a set of motion sensors; cameras; lidar, which uses laser light; and computer software to make driving decisions. 

 

Lior Ron, the company’s co-founder, says that as the system gathers data on tens of thousands of miles of U.S. highways, having the driver asleep in the back could become a possibility within the next few years. That would instantly double the amount of time a truck spends on the road per day, allowing freight companies to charge more for shorter delivery times, Ron said. “The truck can now move 24/7.”

 

 

Ron says that the question of whether to pay drivers for hours spent sleeping in a truck while it drives for them has “been an ongoing debate in the trucking industry.”

 

 

Otto says its system may eventually allow some big rigs to traverse highways without a driver at all. In that scenario, a truck driver would drive the big rigs to and from “pick up and drop off locations,” playing a role “similar to a tug boat,” but trucks could drive without any human present during the longest stretches of the journey, says Ron, the co-founder.

 

 

Several states are already laying the groundwork for a future with fewer truckers. In September, the Michigan state Senate approved a law allowing trucks to drive autonomously in “platoons,” where two or more big rigs drive together and synchronize their movements. That bill follows laws passed in California, Florida and Utah that set regulations for testing truck platoons. 

 

 

Wirelessly connected trucks made their European debut in April, when trucks from six major carmakers successfully drove in platoons through Sweden, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Josh Switkes, 36, says those convoys will be on American roads within a year. Switkes is the chief executive of Peloton, a Mountain View-based company whose software links two semi-trailer trucks. Peloton’s investors include UPS and Volvo Group. The company has begun taking reservations for its system from freight fleets, and it plans to start delivering them “in volume” within a year.

 

The system works by transmitting very specific data from the first truck to the second truck so they operate in tandem, almost as if they were a train on the open road. When the lead truck brakes, the following vehicle receives a signal telling it how much to apply its brake.

 

 

That close communication can make it safe for the trucks to drive as close as 30 feet from one another, the company says. If a car cuts in between the two, the rear truck can automatically slow down, assume a safe following distance, and then return to its previous arrangement with the leader after the car changes lanes, Switkes said.

 

 

Reduced drag on the first and second vehicles can produce massive fuel savings. For the time being, drivers are installed in both trucks, with their feet off the brakes and accelerators, and their hands on the wheel.

 

 

Peloton says its technology reduces fuel expenses by 7% and could save companies even more on salaries.

 

 

“As we move to higher levels of automation, we can save them massive amounts in labor [costs],” said Switkes. He said that Peloton could make the rear truck in the convoy fully machine-driven, without any humans present, within a decade.

 

 

Even before that happens, though, platooning could segregate drivers into different pay classes depending on whether they’re driving the first or second rig.

 

 

“Maybe you pay the front driver more because they have a more important job,” said Switkes. Eventually, as the system makes trucks more efficient, “you may be paying fewer drivers overall,” he added.

 

 

Like most companies trying to turn trucks into robots, Peloton sees itself being useful mainly on highways, which are more predictable and less people-filled than city streets. Still, the company announced in July that it will develop and help deploy technology to power a fleet of heavy-duty trucks to serve the San Diego port.

 

 

Truck driver Spindola, perched atop a creaky seat as his big rig sat inside the Long Beach port waiting to be OKd for a departure to a nearby storage yard, said he isn’t convinced that a machine could ever do his job.

 

 

 

 “You need a human being to deal with some of the problems we have out on the road,” Spindola said. There are too many delicate maneuvers involved, he maintained, too many tricks and turns and unforeseen circumstances to hand the wheel over to a robot.

 

He had just spent about 20 minutes weaving in and out of corridors of 40-foot shipping containers at the port to attach a chassis to his rig and drive it toward a large forklift. There the lift operator slowly slotted a container onto the bay of his truck.

 

“This is a good job as far as pay, one of the last good jobs,” Spindola said. “Maybe I just don’t want to accept that the future is here.” 

Source:  http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-fi-automated-trucks-labor-20160924/

[straycat19]

In 2009, Obama stated that 80% of the freight was hauled long distance by truck and 20% by rail and he intended to change that by reversing those percentages.  That would take thousands of long distance haulers off the nations highways and reduce the wear and tear on the highways while also making them safer.  That never happened.  While I think that robots could be safer drivers than people I don't think it is likely that we will see them in the next decade.  For that to happen we would have to have ALL of our roads redone.  There are secondary roads where I live that have heavy truck traffic on them but there are no center lines or edge lines on most of them for a robot to follow and the ones that do are so faint that they can't be seen at times.  An early solution was to embed devices into the roadway that a robot could detect but that would require too much time and money to accomplish.  Until the roadways are all done to a specific standard robots will not be feasible since traveling an interstate or a big city does not mean the truck can go into a little village 35 miles off the interstate down a two lane unmarked road and until it can do that safely it will never become reality.

[pc71520]

AI (Robots) will replace

the entire Human Labor

in the long run...

[nIGHT]

Driverless trucks (no single human in any trucks)? I don't think this will ever going to happen in the near future, maybe 70 more years.

I think what will happen eventually in the near future are the controversial presence of AI pleasure bots as human companions.

Many humans will posses these advance AI robots that will mimic most common human gestures and flirtations to please their owners even up to their sexual needs,

They may come in standard human interaction, to particular personality behavior, to even specialized customizable personality and sexual traits.

While long distance transport of goods will change from land to a more affordable air transport ships that resembles like those seen in the movie.Starship Troopers' Corvette transport ships, AI pilots may seem to easy to program than AI drivers do.

Maybe in 40 years, cars, suv, taxis, buses and other transport vehicles may be driven by AI to take out the stress of driving, but humans will still be seen inside it controlling and making higher level decisions of directing the system, whether this is a single vehicle or a platoon of vehicles.

 

Taking jobs out of those belonging to low to middle income to gain more profit will be met with a huge backlash,

even those AI pleasure bots that replaces the jobs of sex workers and even the role of girlfriends and wives.

 

Hmmm,,, I, robot.... I, pleasure bot..... I, truck driver bot... I, nSane Commentator bot...

 

[pc71520]

http://www.businessinsider.com/why-driverless-trucks-will-come-before-self-driving-cars-2016-9

 

http://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/25/driverless-beer-run-bud-makes-shipment-with-self-driving-truck.html

 

http://fortune.com/2016/12/19/driverless-bus-singapore/

 

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-selfdriving-singapore-idUSKCN1100ZG

 

 

 

 

[luisam]

On 24/1/2017 at 7:22 PM, rasbridge said:

“Long-haul truck driving is a great example, where there isn’t much judgment involved and it’s a fairly controlled environment,”

 

Driving a Metro train has NO judgment involved, it's a 100% controlled envionment and system is 100% computer operated but all metro systems have conductors. So truck drivers will never be removed; maybe they will be replaced by some new kind of drivers but truck, as any kind of  public service vehicles, will have always a human behind controls.

[Fallon]

On 1/25/2017 at 0:22 AM, rasbridge said:

Robots’ march into vehicles, factories, stores, and offices could also profoundly deepen inequality. Research has shown that artificial intelligence helps erase jobs that require basic skills and creates more roles for highly educated people. “Automation tends to replace low-wage jobs with high-wage jobs,” said James Bessen, a lecturer at the Boston University School of Law who researches the effect of innovation on labor.

Robots do not take a look at the wages of people they replace, therefore the reassuring noises - that it will only concern low wage jobs - mean little to nothing. It is already predicted that administrative jobs, like in accountancy, will come under threat too. It could open the discussion what has to be done with a system of capitalism when it cannot provide enough proper jobs anymore.
As for the technology to replace drivers of passenger cars, two German guys in Silicon Valley think they are ahead of everybody. Last month they let a passenger car slip and drive in a circle at the same time, without a driver. A stunt, the hardest thing to do, according to them. (They did get the best chances for their research in the US).

It could take one or two generations before our roads change, who knows, that would not be interesting to write about, so ..

A timeline for driverless cars - Aug 26, 2016 -