Indians rapidly replacing Chinese at US universities

Chinese student numbers fell 9% in 2021-22 while Indian enrolments surged by 19% with emphasis on math, engineering and computer science

India is up. China is down. Very few US students studied abroad during the first year of the pandemic.

Those three points, in a nutshell, represent key findings from recent data released jointly on November 14, 2022, by the US Department of State and the Institute of International Education.

The “Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange” is published each year at the start of International Education Week. It provides detailed insights regarding study abroad and international students.

This year’s report shows a 91% decline in the total number of US students who studied abroad during the 2020-2021 academic year. The pandemic also led colleges to develop more online global learning opportunities.

In fact, 62% of colleges offered virtual internships with multinational companies, collaborative online coursework with students abroad and other experiences.

While virtual learning cannot replace the immersive experiences of study abroad, it can expand access to other cultures and international perspectives for greater numbers of students. For this reason, technology is likely to continue to serve as a key part of international education programming.

While the Covid-19 pandemic contributed to a 45.6% decline in new international students in 2020, the latest data, covering the 2021-2022 academic year, indicates that the total number of international students in the US – 948,519 – has started to recover.

This can be seen in a 3.8% increase over the 914,095 international students in the U.S. in 2020. Still, the number is well below the nearly 1.1 million international students reported in 2018. Much of the recent growth is driven by an increase in the number of new international students – 261,961 – which is up 80% over the 145,528 from 2020 but still 2.14% below the 267,712 from 2019.

Students from China and India comprise more than half – 52% – of all international students. That isn’t anything new, but what is noteworthy is that during the 2021-2022 academic year, Chinese student enrollment fell 9% and the number of Indian students increased by 19% over the prior year.

This has big implications for international diversity at US colleges. This is because Chinese students tend to enroll in a range of majors, while most Indian students – 66.4% – study in just a handful of programs: engineering, math and computer science.

Souring relations with China

Over the past decade, US colleges enrolled more students from China than from any other country. While the onset of the global pandemic effectively halted travel between China and the US. due to flight restrictions and widespread lockdowns, the decline in Chinese enrollment began years earlier.

Contributing factors include Chinese parents’ concerns for their children’s safety in the US, development of China’s own world-class universities and souring relations between the two countries, which has spilled over into the higher education sector.

Many Chinese students are opting to stay home rather than study in the US. Photo: AFP / Wang Zhao

In fact, in 2019, China’s Ministry of Education warned students against studying in the US due to the risk of encountering visa problems.

China and India each have around 1.4 billion people, but by 2023 the United Nations predicts that India will overtake China as the world’s most populous country. This continued growth will further strain India’s higher education system, leading to more students pursuing advanced degrees abroad.

At the same time, poor job prospects at home are driving many Indian students to pursue academic and career pathways that lead away from India. This is especially true in high-paying, high-growth fields like computers and information technology.

Other contributing factors to the increase from India include a change in tone on the part of the US government. The Biden administration is working to reestablish the US as a welcoming destination for international students by enacting reversals of Trump-era immigration policies.

Those policies caused uncertainty and fear among international students. The Biden administration has also prioritized the processing of student visas in India.

Looking forward

The Institute of International Education also released data from a Fall 2022 Snapshot Survey, which includes responses from more than 600 US colleges and universities. The findings point to a 7% increase in new international students enrolled.

While the US Department of State continues to prioritize student visas in India by adding more staff and streamlining the process, Chinese visa approvals are trending lower than in years past, although it’s difficult to pinpoint a single factor as to why.

A further decline in Chinese students presents major challenges for the US, its colleges and the communities in which they are based.

This is because in addition to the US$32 billion that international students collectively contribute to the US economy, the friendships and cultural insights that they develop while studying at local colleges serve to promote US foreign policy in the form of positive relations between the US and other countries.

As the number of US college students is projected to decline across much of the country, college recruiters will increase outreach to international students in order to fill empty seats. However, whether international student recruitment alone can fill those empty seats is yet to be seen.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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